Rutile sand (primarily 𝑇𝑖𝑂2) is a crucial raw material for welding electrode coatings, particularly for E6013 and J422 types, providing essential slag-forming properties. It enhances arc stability, improves metal droplet transfer, and refines weld formation. With a high melting point and low slag viscosity, it is used to produce smooth, high-quality, and crack-resistant welds in various steels. Rutile is a natural mineral composed of titanium dioxide (𝑇𝑖𝑂2), often with a purity of 80%–96%.